Understanding Child Development is the foundation. You can start by familiarising yourself with typical milestones and developmental stages of children to set realistic expectations. Age-appropriate expectations for parents vary depending on the developmental stage of their child. For parents of toddlers (1-3 years old), expectations include: Supporting their child's exploration and development. Providing a safe and nurturing environment. Establishing routines and boundaries. Encouraging language development and communication skills. Modeling positive behavior and emotional regulation. For parents of preschoolers (3-5 years old), expectations include: Fostering independence in daily tasks. Supporting social and emotional development. Engaging in imaginative play and creative activities. Encouraging curiosity and a love of learning. Setting clear expectations and consistent discipline. For parents of school-aged children (6-12 years old), expectations include: Supporting academic achievement and learning. Encouraging healthy habits and self-care routines. Promoting responsibility and independence. Navigating peer relationships and social challenges. Communicating openly and effectively with their child. For parents of teenagers (13-18 years old), expectations include: Navigating increased independence and autonomy. Supporting their teen's emotional and social development. Setting boundaries and expectations around behavior. Encouraging goal-setting and future planning. Fostering open communication and trust. Modeling positive decision-making and problem-solving skills.